![]() ![]() This substance was dried and carbonized, and then the carbon was chemically combined into the iron by heating. The "recipe" included using a powder of soft iron mixed with an organic binding medium such as dissolved sugar or molasses. Pfleumer's patent had an interesting ingredient list. These ideas incorporated a way to record sound or pictures by causing a strip, disc, or cylinder of iron or other magnetic material to be magnetized. In 19 Russian Boris Rtcheouloff and German chemist Fritz Pfleumer both patented an "improved" means of recording sound using magnetized tape. The Marconi-Stilles recording machines were used until the 1940s by the BBC radio service in Canada, Australia, France, Egypt, Sweden, and Poland. The British Marconi Wireless Telegraph company also bought the Stille and Bauer design and for a number of years made tape machines for the British Broadcasting Corporation. In the late 1920s the British Ludwig Blattner Picture Corporation bought Stille and Bauer's patent and attempted to produce films using synchronized sound. They called their invention the Dailygraph, and it had the distinction of being able to accommodate a cassette. In the early 1920s Kurt Stille and Karl Bauer, German inventors, redesigned the telegraphon in order for the sound to be amplified electronically. ![]() Poulsen's telegraphon was shown at the 1900 International Exhibition in Paris and was praised by the scientific and technical press as a revolutionary innovation. He used steel wire coiled around a cylinder reminiscent of Thomas Edison's phonograph. The recording medium was a steel chisel and an electromagnet. He reworked Smith's design and for several years actually manufactured the first "sonic recorders." This invention, patented in Denmark and the United States, was called the telegraphon, as it was to be used as an early kind of the telephone answering machine. In 1898 a Danish inventor, Valdemar Poulsen (1869-1942), patented the first device with the ability to play back the recorded sounds from steel wire. During the playing the medium generates electric cycles which have the identical frequency as during the recording." Smith's outline provided the theoretical framework used by others in the quest for a device that would both record and play the sound back. He published his work in Electrical World outlining the process: "acoustic cycles are transferred to electric cycles and the moving sonic medium is magnetized with them. Smith was curious about the feasibility of recording telephone signals with a steel wire. The history of the tape recorder officially begins in 1878, when American mechanic Oberlin Smith visited Thomas Edison's laboratory. The missing piece was a device to play back the recorded sounds. The next year, American inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) patented the phonograph, and German-American Emil Berliner (1851-1929) invented the flat-disc recording in 1887. As early as 1876 American inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) invented the telephone, which incorporated many of the principles used in sound recording. ![]() Recordings required the following: a way to pick up sound via a microphone, a way to store information, and a playing device to access the stored data. Sound recording and reproduction began to interest inventors in the late nineteenth century, when several key technological innovations became available. Sound recording and reproduction formed the foundation of many new industries that included radio and film. This unique ability to record sound and play it back would have implications politically, aesthetically, and commercially throughout Europe and the United States during World War II and after. This type of machine was introduced to the United States after World War II and contributed to the eventual widespread use of the tape recorder. The German engineers refined the magnetic tape in the 1930s and 1940s, developing a recorder called the Magnetophon. ![]() In 1928 a coated magnetic tape was invented in Germany. Up until the 1920s, especially in the United States, a type of tape recorder using steel tape was designed and produced. Recording and reproducing the sounds were two separate processes, but both were necessary in the development of the tape recorder. The Development of the Tape Recorder OverviewĪ number of experimental sound recording devices were designed and developed in the early 1900s in Europe and the United States. ![]()
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